Federal law in the United States mandates a minimum barrel length of 18 inches for shotguns. This regulation also applies to weapons initially manufactured as rifles and subsequently modified into shotguns. Similarly, a shotgun’s overall minimum length, including the barrel and stock, must be at least 26 inches. These stipulations are codified under the National Firearms Act (NFA) and enforced by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF). Modifying a shotgun to fall below these legal limits without proper registration and tax stamps is a serious offense.
These length restrictions serve critical functions. Primarily, they aim to prevent the concealment of readily available, powerful firearms. Shorter barrels make weapons easier to hide and maneuver in close quarters, increasing their potential for misuse in criminal activities. Historically, such regulations arose from concerns over easily concealed “sawed-off” shotguns used in crimes. Maintaining minimum lengths helps law enforcement agencies control the proliferation of these potentially dangerous weapons.