This specific type of cartridge typically consists of a small .22 caliber case filled with tiny lead or steel pellets, designed for short-range use against small pests and game birds. It functions by dispersing the shot over a wide area upon firing, increasing the likelihood of hitting the target. An example would be a .22 Long Rifle loaded with No. 12 shot.
The efficacy of this small-bore shotshell lies in its affordability, reduced noise compared to larger calibers, and minimal recoil, making it suitable for beginners and experienced shooters alike. Historically, it has served as an accessible and versatile option for pest control in rural areas and for hunting small game such as rabbits and squirrels, contributing to subsistence and wildlife management. Its reduced power also makes it suitable for use in air-powered rifles.