This specific designation refers to a rifle chambered for the .30-06 Springfield cartridge, often mistakenly associated with the Henry Repeating Arms company. The .30-06 Springfield, officially adopted by the U.S. military in 1906, became a highly popular sporting round due to its versatility and power. While Henry produces lever-action rifles, they are typically chambered in cartridges like .45-70 Government, .30-30 Winchester, and .44 Magnum, not the .30-06 Springfield which necessitates a bolt-action or semi-automatic action due to its high pressure. The misconception likely arises from the popularity of both the Henry brand and the cartridge, leading to an imagined combination.
The .30-06 cartridge significantly impacted firearms development and hunting practices. Its widespread military adoption ensured ample availability and affordability for civilian use after wartime. The cartridges ballistic performance makes it suitable for taking a wide range of game, from deer and elk to larger species, contributing to its enduring popularity among hunters. Its historical significance, tied to American military history and hunting traditions, further cements its place in firearms culture.