Projectile weight significantly influences a firearm’s trajectory and terminal ballistics. A comparison of projectiles weighing 55 and 62 grains, common weights for the 5.56x45mm cartridge, reveals differences in external ballistics. Heavier projectiles, like the 62-grain option, retain velocity and energy better over longer distances due to higher sectional density. Lighter projectiles, such as the 55-grain variety, typically exhibit a flatter trajectory at shorter ranges due to higher muzzle velocity. These differences lead to variations in the point at which the projectile strikes the target at different distances.
Understanding the relationship between projectile weight and impact point is essential for accurate shooting, especially at extended ranges. This knowledge allows for precise adjustments to aiming based on the chosen ammunition. Historically, military and law enforcement applications have driven the development and refinement of different projectile weights, each tailored to specific needs and engagement distances. This continuous evolution reflects the importance of optimizing ballistic performance.