Full-thickness burns involving facial tissues destroy the epidermis and dermis, often extending into subcutaneous fat. These injuries result in charring or a leathery appearance, with a white, brown, or black discoloration. Sensation is often lost due to nerve damage. Due to the face’s complex anatomy and vital functions, such injuries present unique challenges.
Facial burns of this severity demand immediate specialized medical care because of the high risk of complications, such as infection, scarring, and functional impairment affecting eyesight, smell, breathing, and speech. The sensitive location makes healing complex and necessitates specific reconstructive techniques. Historically, treating severe facial burns has evolved significantly, with advancements in wound care, skin grafting, and reconstructive surgery dramatically improving outcomes and quality of life.