The operating mechanism of the SIG Sauer P320 relies on a short-recoil, locked-breech system, not a blowback operation. This distinction is crucial for understanding the pistol’s function. A locked-breech design enhances accuracy and controllability by delaying the opening of the breech until chamber pressure drops to a safe level. In contrast, a blowback system relies on the inertia of the slide and recoil spring to manage the forces generated by firing. This difference impacts felt recoil, accuracy potential, and the types of ammunition the firearm can safely handle.
The locked-breech system adopted for this particular pistol contributes to its popularity among military and law enforcement agencies, as well as civilian shooters. It offers a balance of manageable recoil, accuracy, and reliability with a wide range of ammunition. This design choice represents a significant evolution from earlier handgun operating systems and underscores a commitment to modern firearms engineering principles. The system’s widespread adoption reflects its effectiveness and adaptability to various needs.