The .45 ACP cartridge is a popular choice for handguns, known for its large bullet diameter and relatively low velocity. While many standard loadings propel projectiles at subsonic speeds (below the speed of sound, approximately 1,125 feet per second at standard temperature and pressure), higher-velocity loadings exist that exceed this threshold. The speed of sound itself is influenced by atmospheric conditions such as temperature and humidity.
Ammunition manufacturers produce a variety of .45 ACP loads, catering to different needs and applications. Subsonic ammunition is often preferred for use with suppressors, as it minimizes the supersonic crack generated when a projectile breaks the sound barrier. This characteristic is advantageous for both reducing noise pollution and minimizing disruption in tactical situations. The .45 ACP’s history, originating in the early 20th century, is intertwined with military applications where factors like stopping power were paramount. The prevalence of subsonic loadings likely contributed to the perception that the cartridge is inherently subsonic. However, the versatility of this cartridge allows for both subsonic and supersonic performance.